{"id":4719,"date":"2024-01-24T14:02:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T14:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chemviron.eu\/what-are-the-contaminants-in-biogas-and-biomethane\/"},"modified":"2026-03-10T13:37:53","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T13:37:53","slug":"what-are-the-contaminants-in-biogas-and-biomethane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chemviron.eu\/fr\/what-are-the-contaminants-in-biogas-and-biomethane\/","title":{"rendered":"Quels sont les contaminants pr\u00e9sents dans le biogaz et le biom\u00e9thane ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le biogaz est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement un m\u00e9lange de gaz comprenant du m\u00e9thane (CH4<\/sub>), du dioxyde de carbone (CO2<\/sub>), du sulfure d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne (H2<\/sub>S), des compos\u00e9s organiques volatils (COV) et des gaz atmosph\u00e9riques tels que l\u2019azote (N2<\/sub>), l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne (O2<\/sub>) et l\u2019eau (H2<\/sub>O). La composition r\u00e9elle du biogaz peut d\u00e9pendre de l\u2019origine et de la nature des d\u00e9chets ou de la biomasse trait\u00e9s, ainsi que de la performance r\u00e9elle du processus de digestion. <\/p>\n\n

Cependant, pour utiliser le biogaz comme source de carburant, que ce soit pour la production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 ou l\u2019injection dans le r\u00e9seau de gaz naturel, il doit \u00eatre purifi\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 des seuils tr\u00e8s bas afin de garantir une puret\u00e9 appropri\u00e9e. Par cons\u00e9quent, des \u00e9tapes de traitement sont essentielles pour valoriser le biogaz brut, permettant son utilisation comme combustible de combustion directe ou comme gaz naturel renouvelable. <\/p>\n\n

<\/div>\n\n

Quelles sont ces impuret\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
<\/div>\n\n

De nombreux contaminants, ou impuret\u00e9s, peuvent \u00eatre pr\u00e9sents dans les flux de biogaz ou de biom\u00e9thane.<\/p>\n\n

Le sulfure d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne<\/strong> (H2<\/sub>S) et tous les compos\u00e9s soufr\u00e9s, tels que les mercaptans, proviennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de la d\u00e9gradation de la biomasse contenant du soufre. Ces compos\u00e9s provoquent la corrosion des moteurs et des \u00e9quipements, ce qui impacte les op\u00e9rations en aval ; ils sont donc g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e9limin\u00e9s au d\u00e9but du processus de valorisation du biogaz. <\/p>\n\n

Les compos\u00e9s organiques volatils<\/strong>, ou COV<\/strong>, proviennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des ordures m\u00e9nag\u00e8res et sont particuli\u00e8rement fr\u00e9quents dans les gaz de d\u00e9charge et certains types de biogaz agricoles. Leur \u00e9limination est n\u00e9cessaire car ils affectent les processus en aval. <\/p>\n\n

Les siloxanes<\/strong> pr\u00e9sents dans le biogaz sont des produits chimiques organosilici\u00e9s volatils qui proviennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des d\u00e9chets de produits m\u00e9nagers, tels que les d\u00e9tergents, les shampooings, les d\u00e9odorants, les dentifrices et les cosm\u00e9tiques. Ces siloxanes contiennent une liaison Si-O-Si qui, lors de la combustion, peut g\u00e9n\u00e9rer du dioxyde de silicium (SiO2<\/sub>). Celui-ci se d\u00e9pose dans les moteurs et d\u2019autres composants, provoquant un entartrage et r\u00e9duisant leur efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, ce qui n\u00e9cessite un entretien plus fr\u00e9quent. <\/p>\n\n

L\u2019ammoniac<\/strong> peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre produit par la d\u00e9gradation biologique de la biomasse contenant de l\u2019azote. Cependant, l\u2019ammoniac \u00e0 des concentrations \u00e9lev\u00e9es est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un inhibiteur de la production de m\u00e9thane. <\/p>\n\n

Le formald\u00e9hyde<\/strong> peut \u00e9galement se former lors d\u2019un processus de combustion incompl\u00e8te de compos\u00e9s organiques \u00e0 cha\u00eene plus longue.<\/p>\n\n

<\/div>\n\n
\n
\"impuretés<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
<\/div>\n\n

Quelles impuret\u00e9s peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9limin\u00e9es avec le charbon actif ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Le charbon actif \u00e9limine efficacement divers contaminants des flux de biogaz ou de biom\u00e9thane. Cependant, pour une \u00e9limination optimale des impuret\u00e9s, diff\u00e9rents types de charbon sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement requis, selon que le contaminant principal est une impuret\u00e9 ou un compos\u00e9 organique ou inorganique. <\/p>\n\n

Impuret\u00e9s organiques<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Certaines impuret\u00e9s organiques typiques que le charbon actif peut \u00e9liminer efficacement comprennent les COV et d\u2019autres polluants :<\/p>\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Alpha-pin\u00e8ne<\/td>\nCompos\u00e9s aromatiques<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Benz\u00e8ne<\/td>\nCar\u00e8ne<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cum\u00e8ne<\/td>\nCym\u00e8ne<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D3 : Hexam\u00e9thylcyclotrisiloxane<\/td>\nD4 : Octam\u00e9thylcyclotrisiloxane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D5 : D\u00e9cam\u00e9thylcyclotrisiloxane <\/td>\nD6 : Dod\u00e9cam\u00e9thylcyclotrisiloxane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dod\u00e9cane<\/td>\nC\u00e9tones ?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L2 ou MM ou HDMS : Hexam\u00e9thyldisiloxane<\/td>\nL3 ou MDM : Octam\u00e9thyltrisiloxane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L4 ou MD2M : D\u00e9cam\u00e9thylt\u00e9trasiloxane<\/td>\nL5 ou MD3M : Dod\u00e9cam\u00e9thylpentasiloxane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Limon\u00e8ne<\/td>\nM\u00e9thyl\u00e9thylc\u00e9tone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Naphtal\u00e8ne<\/td>\nHuiles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pin\u00e8ne<\/td>\nSilanes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Siloxanes<\/td>\nSolvants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Terp\u00e8nes<\/td>\nTMS T\u00e9tram\u00e9thylsilane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tolu\u00e8ne<\/td>\nTrim\u00e9thylsilanol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n

Impuret\u00e9s inorganiques<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Pour les impuret\u00e9s inorganiques, un charbon actif impr\u00e9gn\u00e9 est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement utilis\u00e9 pour assurer l\u2019\u00e9limination la plus efficace. Ces impuret\u00e9s inorganiques sont les suivantes : <\/p>\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n
Ammoniac<\/td>\nSulfure d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne (H2<\/sub>S)<\/td>\nFormald\u00e9hyde<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mercaptans<\/td>\nDioxyde de soufre (SO2<\/sub>)<\/td>\nCompos\u00e9s soufr\u00e9s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n

Pour d\u2019autres polluants de nature plus sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e ou inorganique, consultez nos articles \u00ab Qu\u2019est-ce que les polluants atmosph\u00e9riques ? \u00bb<\/a> ou \u00ab Qu\u2019est-ce que les compos\u00e9s organiques volatils (COV) ? \u00bb<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

<\/div>\n\n

Comment pouvons-nous vous aider ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
<\/div>\n\n

Le charbon le plus efficace \u00e0 utiliser pour traiter un flux de biogaz ou de biom\u00e9thane<\/a> peut d\u00e9pendre de la nature du gaz \u00e0 traiter, des conditions de fonctionnement de l\u2019installation, des impuret\u00e9s particuli\u00e8res \u00e0 \u00e9liminer et de l\u2019objectif de traitement \u00e0 atteindre.<\/p>\n\n

S\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un nouveau processus de traitement, pourquoi ne pas envisager l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un filtre \u00e0 charbon mobile<\/a> ? Il s\u2019agit de filtres \u00e0 charbon actif qui peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s sur site comme cuve de traitement du biogaz, puis transport\u00e9s vers et depuis le site, sans n\u00e9cessiter de remplacement de charbon sur place. <\/p>\n\n

Si vous avez besoin d\u2019aide pour choisir le charbon actif, du soutien de notre service de filtres \u00e0 charbon mobiles ou simplement de conseils suppl\u00e9mentaires, veuillez nous contacter<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Saviez-vous qu\u2019une gamme de contaminants peut \u00eatre efficacement \u00e9limin\u00e9e des flux de biogaz ou de biom\u00e9thane \u00e0 l\u2019aide de filtres \u00e0 charbon mobiles et de la technologie du charbon actif ? D\u00e9couvrez dans notre article les types de contaminants pr\u00e9sents dans le biogaz et le biom\u00e9thane et comment ils peuvent \u00eatre trait\u00e9s avec du charbon actif. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3980,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,40],"tags":[132],"class_list":["post-4719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-fr","category-decouvrir","tag-biogas-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nQuels sont les contaminants pr\u00e9sents dans le biogaz et le biom\u00e9thane ? - Chemviron<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez comment les contaminants du biogaz et du biom\u00e9thane, tels que l\u2019H2S, sont \u00e9limin\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce au charbon actif afin de les rendre utilisables comme carburant.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemviron.eu\/fr\/what-are-the-contaminants-in-biogas-and-biomethane\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quels sont les contaminants pr\u00e9sents dans le biogaz et le biom\u00e9thane ? 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